Tendu Leaf and Bidi Economy of Sabarkantha's Forest Zone

The Aravalli hill forests of Sabarkantha district support significant tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon) tree populations whose leathery leaves are used as natural wrappers for bidi cigarettes. Tendu leaf collection is a major seasonal occupation for tribal families (Bhil, Naikda, Koli) in the forested areas from April to June, when leaves are at peak quality. The Forest Department procures tendu leaves at MSP rates from collector groups, forming the primary income-earning period for forest-dependent households. Collected leaves are dried, sorted by size, and bundled (each 100-leaf bundle is one standard unit). The Sabarkantha Forest Produce Cooperative manages collection and sale to bidi manufacturers. Tendu leaf collection rights under the Forest Rights Act are a contentious issue, with tribal communities asserting community forest rights over bidi companies' preferred direct collection arrangements.