In a significant move to enhance regional security, the Philippines is proposing the expansion of its informal security group, the ‘Squad,’ to include India and South Korea. This initiative aims to counter China’s aggressive maritime actions and reinforce a rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific.
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Philippine Armed Forces Chief General Romeo S. Brawner Jr. confirmed that the country has initiated discussions with India and South Korea. Speaking at the Raisina Dialogue in New Delhi, he stated:
“Expanding the Squad is not about provoking conflict; it’s about ensuring peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific.”
What is the ‘Squad’?
The Squad is an informal security coalition currently consisting of the Philippines, the United States, Japan, and Australia. It was established in 2023 as part of a broader strategy to conduct joint maritime patrols in the South China Sea.
The main objectives of the Squad include:
- Ensuring freedom of navigation in contested waters.
- Deterring illegal fishing and aggressive maritime actions.
- Promoting intelligence sharing among allies.
Expanding this group would bring in two additional powers with significant regional influence—India and South Korea.
Why India and South Korea?
India’s Role in the Indo-Pacific
India has been strengthening its naval presence in the Indo-Pacific through initiatives like the Quad Alliance (India, Japan, Australia, and the US) and its Act East Policy. India’s inclusion in the Squad would bring:
- Advanced naval and aerospace technology.
- Strong diplomatic backing for Southeast Asian allies.
- A deterrence strategy against unilateral Chinese actions.
An unnamed Indian defense official responded to the proposal, stating:
“India has always stood for a free and open Indo-Pacific. We will evaluate this proposal based on mutual interests and strategic alignment.”
South Korea’s Strategic Importance
South Korea is a key US ally with one of the most advanced naval forces in Asia. By joining the Squad, South Korea could contribute:
- Cutting-edge defense technology, including warships and missile systems.
- A diplomatic bridge between Northeast Asia and ASEAN nations.
- Support for coordinated military training exercises.
South Korea’s Defense Ministry spokesperson responded cautiously:
“We acknowledge the Philippines’ proposal and will explore the feasibility of enhanced defense cooperation.”
China’s Expected Reaction
China has strongly opposed any military alliances that challenge its territorial claims in the South China Sea. A statement from China’s Foreign Ministry warned:
“External interference in regional security will only escalate tensions.”
Beijing has accused the Philippines and its allies of militarizing the region and increasing the risk of conflict. However, Philippine officials maintain that joint security efforts are defensive, not offensive.
China has recently deployed more maritime surveillance ships and military aircraft near disputed waters, raising concerns about potential confrontations if the Squad expands.
Regional and Diplomatic Challenges
ASEAN’s Mixed Reactions
While some ASEAN nations might welcome the expansion of the Squad, others could see it as an unnecessary provocation. Countries like Malaysia and Indonesia have traditionally preferred diplomatic solutions rather than military coalitions.
Challenges in ASEAN diplomacy include:
- Balancing relations with China while strengthening defense ties.
- Avoiding regional divisions over military cooperation.
- Ensuring ASEAN unity in the South China Sea dispute.
Operational Hurdles
- Integrating different military doctrines from India, South Korea, and existing Squad members.
- Coordinating joint maritime exercises without escalating tensions.
- Establishing a clear command structure within the expanded alliance.
Moving Ahead
The Philippines’ proposal to expand the Squad to include India and South Korea is a bold step in reshaping regional security. While this move could significantly enhance maritime defense against China’s assertiveness, it also presents diplomatic and operational challenges.
As India and South Korea evaluate their positions, the Indo-Pacific remains a contested geopolitical hotspot. If successful, an expanded Squad could redefine Asia’s security architecture for years to come.
By – Nikita
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