Nalanda Ancient University Ruins Archaeology Bihar

Nalanda in Bihar was the world's first residential university, established in the 5th century CE and attracting scholars from China, Korea, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia. At its peak it housed 10,000 students and 2,000 teachers. The ruins (UNESCO WHS) include 11 monasteries, multiple temples, and 9 levels of brick architecture. Nalanda's curriculum included astronomy, medicine, logic, and Buddhist philosophy. The Nalanda International University was re-established in 2014 nearby, reviving this intellectual heritage.