Makhana Foxnut Cultivation Darbhanga Mithila Bihar

Makhana (Euryale ferox), known as foxnut or lotus seeds, is cultivated in the freshwater ponds and seasonal wetlands of North Bihar's Mithila region, primarily in Darbhanga, Saharsa, and Madhubani districts. Bihar produces over 80 percent of the world's makhana. The crop grows in still, shallow water bodies and is harvested by divers who pluck seeds from the mud bed. Seeds are roasted in large iron pans with sand and then beaten with wooden mallets to pop them into the white puffed form used in cooking. Makhana is rich in protein, calcium, and antioxidants and is used in fasting foods, sweets, and export health snacks. The GI tag recognises Mithila Makhana. Bihar Makhana Board organises farmer cooperatives for collective harvesting, processing, and export to USA and European health food markets.