Gaddi Pastoral Community of Chamba: Himalayan Transhumance

Chamba district is the traditional homeland of the Gaddi shepherd community whose seasonal transhumance between the high bugyals of Chamba-Bharmaur in summer and winter pastures in Kangra is one of the world's great pastoral migrations. Thousands of sheep and goats move through mountain passes including the Jalori, Rohtang, and other passes following routes known to Gaddi families for generations. The Gaddis navigate glacier terrain, river crossings, and altitude changes managing hundreds of animals with minimal support. Traditional knowledge includes animal health management using forest plants, weather prediction from natural indicators, and navigation of passes in changing conditions. The Gaddi musical tradition including Jhuri songs sung to soothe animals and mark seasonal transitions represents an intangible cultural heritage connected to pastoral practice.