Assam Bell Metal Craft of Sarthebari

Sarthebari in Barpeta district of Assam is the centre of the state bell metal (kansa) craft tradition, producing ritual and decorative objects including plates (thal), bowls (bati), conch shell stands, lamps, and the distinctive xorai offering tray essential to Vaishnavite ritual. The alloy is copper and tin in traditional proportions. Craftsmen of the Kahar community cast ingots, hammer and stretch them on iron formers over charcoal fires, and finish with abrasive polishing. The xorai — a raised-pedestal tray used in Satra monasteries — is the most revered object. Assam bell metal received GI certification. Sarthebari has over 500 artisan families. Export is mainly to Assam diaspora and to Indian craft buyers. The craft faces competition from stainless steel utensils but premium ritual objects maintain stable demand.