Sri Muktsar Sahib Traditional Village Well Water

Villages in Sri Muktsar Sahib district historically relied on shallow open wells called kuan, lined with fired brick and plastered with lime mortar, that drew saline-to-fresh groundwater depending on depth and season. Women drew water using leather buckets (chhappars) and hemp rope, and the well served as the social hub of village life where women gathered and shared news. Deep Persian-wheel wells using bullocks to lift water from greater depths preceded electric tubewells; though tubewells have replaced wells for irrigation, some villages in Muktsar's remote dhanis maintain traditional wells as backup drinking water sources when power cuts interrupt pump operation.