AMUL Anand Milk Cooperative Gujarat Dairy Revolution

The AMUL model born in Anand district of Gujarat in 1946 under the leadership of Tribhuvandas Patel and later shaped by Dr Verghese Kurien is the most studied cooperative institution in the world and the origin of India White Revolution. AMUL — Anand Milk Union Limited — began as a village milk cooperative that removed the exploitative middlemen who controlled Anand district milk supply and organised farmers directly into a three-tier cooperative system: primary village milk societies, district union processing dairies, and state federation for marketing. The GCMMF Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation markets AMUL brand products nationally. AMUL dairy in Anand processes over 15 million litres daily and is the world largest cheese and butter manufacturer by cooperative output. The model has been replicated across India as Operation Flood and has transformed the rural dairy economy of 22 states. Anand district now hosts the National Dairy Development Board and IRMA institute for rural management, making it the intellectual capital of cooperative dairying globally.